b) 54th Massachusetts

The Union’s first African American regiment was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, formed in early 1863. This regiment, led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, was one of the first official black units in the United States armed forces. The 54th Massachusetts played a crucial role in demonstrating the bravery and effectiveness of black soldiers during combat. Their heroic charge at Fort Wagner, though a military defeat, won widespread acclaim and helped to dispel doubts about the capabilities of African American soldiers.