b) Air Brake

The air brake, invented by George Westinghouse in 1869, significantly enhanced railroad safety. This invention allowed for the reliable and simultaneous braking of all cars in a train, greatly reducing the risk of accidents. Westinghouse’s air brake was a crucial advancement in railroad technology, leading to safer and more efficient train travel. This innovation contributed to the rapid expansion of railroads and played a vital role in the industrialization of the United States.