c) Berlin

Berlin became the most symbolic and literal manifestation of the “Iron Curtain,” a term coined by Winston Churchill to metaphorically represent the division of Europe during the Cold War. The city was physically and ideologically divided into East Berlin and West Berlin. The Berlin Wall, constructed in 1961, became the most prominent symbol of the Cold War’s division of East and West, democracy and communism. Berlin was the epicenter of geopolitical tensions between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies, and its eventual reunification in 1989 marked a significant moment in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.