a) Chester A. Arthur

Chester A. Arthur, known for his impressive mutton chop whiskers, played a pivotal role in reforming the civil service system following President James Garfield’s assassination. Arthur, who succeeded Garfield as President, was initially viewed with suspicion due to his previous association with the spoils system. However, he championed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883, which laid the foundation for the modern professional civil service. This act aimed to ensure government positions were filled based on merit rather than political connections, marking a significant shift in public administration and reducing corruption within the federal government.