d) MIDI

MIDI, short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, revolutionized the music world in the 1980s by allowing electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other. Introduced in 1983, MIDI provided a standard protocol for synthesizers, drum machines, computers, and other digital music tools to interact, enabling the creation of complex, multi-layered compositions. This technological advancement opened up new possibilities in music production, composition, and performance. Musicians could now control multiple devices from a single keyboard or computer, creating richer and more varied soundscapes. MIDI’s impact was profound, influencing genres like electronic, pop, and hip-hop, and paving the way for modern digital music production. Its introduction marked a significant shift in the music industry, from analog to digital, and continues to be an essential tool for musicians and producers.