a) Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, marked the formal end of World War I and resulted in the creation of the League of Nations. The treaty imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, which sparked the war. The treaty is notable for its harsh terms towards Germany, including a “War Guilt” clause making Germany accept responsibility for the war and imposing heavy reparations. These terms stirred controversy among economists and historians, with some viewing it as too harsh and counterproductive.