d) Freedom’s Journal

Freedom’s Journal, founded in 1827, was the first newspaper owned and published by African Americans. It was started in New York City by John Russwurm and Samuel Cornish, who aimed to provide a voice for the black community. The paper covered issues like slavery, the fight for civil rights, and other significant events impacting African Americans. Freedom’s Journal was a platform for black people to express their views and advocate for their rights, playing a crucial role in the early civil rights movement.