d) James Madison

James Madison authored Federalist No. 10, addressing the issue of factions and the protection of democracy in a large republic. This essay, part of the Federalist Papers, argued that a large republic would better control factions than smaller ones, as diverse interests would prevent any single group from dominating. Madison’s insights into the nature of factionalism and the structure of government were pivotal in the campaign for ratifying the Constitution. Federalist No. 10 is considered one of the most important in the series for its profound analysis of the nature of democratic government.