a) Federal court system

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was instrumental in setting up the federal court system in the United States. This pivotal legislation, passed by the first U.S. Congress, established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal judiciary, including the creation of the Supreme Court, federal circuit courts, and district courts. The act laid the foundation for the American legal system and played a crucial role in defining the balance between federal and state judicial authority. The Judiciary Act of 1789 remains a significant milestone in the development of the American judicial system.