a) Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863, is considered the turning point for the Confederacy in the Civil War. This decisive battle in Pennsylvania resulted in a major Union victory and marked the furthest northern advance of General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army. The three-day battle resulted in significant casualties on both sides and ended Lee’s hopes of invading the North. The Union victory at Gettysburg, coupled with the fall of Vicksburg in the West, significantly shifted the war’s momentum in favor of the Union.