a) Haymarket Affair

The Haymarket Affair was a major labor movement event that took place in Chicago in 1886. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour workday but turned violent when a bomb was thrown at police, leading to deaths and injuries. The aftermath saw a crackdown on labor activists and a controversial trial. The Haymarket Affair became a symbol of the struggle for workers’ rights and marked a pivotal moment in the history of American labor movements.