b) A surprise snowstorm

An unexpected factor that led to the 1914 Ludlow Massacre during a miners’ strike in Colorado was a surprise snowstorm. The massacre occurred at a tent colony of striking coal miners and their families, where tensions between miners and the Colorado National Guard escalated. The snowstorm added to the chaos and suffering of the day, as the guards attacked the camp, resulting in the deaths of several strikers and their family members, including women and children.