a) Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt famously labeled investigative journalists as “muckrakers” during the Progressive Era. This term, which he used in a 1906 speech, was intended to criticize journalists who focused too much on the negative aspects of society. However, the label was embraced by many journalists who saw their work as crucial in exposing corruption, social injustices, and corporate malfeasance, playing a significant role in the reform movements of the early 20th century.