b) Overthrowing Fidel Castro

The Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961 aimed at overthrowing Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Orchestrated by the CIA, this failed military operation involved a force of Cuban exiles landing in Cuba. The invasion was a disaster, resulting in the capture or death of many exiles and a significant embarrassment for the U.S. government. It also led to an increase in tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.