b) Executive Order 9066

Executive Order 9066, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, led to the internment of Japanese Americans. This order authorized the removal of individuals from military areas as deemed necessary for national security. It resulted in the forcible relocation and incarceration of about 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom were U.S. citizens. This act remains one of the most controversial decisions in American history, highlighting issues of civil liberties and racial discrimination.