b) Mikhail Gorbachev

Global leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies contributed significantly to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. As the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev implemented key reforms such as Glasnost and Perestroika, which promoted openness and economic restructuring. His willingness to engage in dialogue with Western leaders, particularly with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, and his decision to refrain from military intervention in Eastern Europe played crucial roles in the peaceful resolution of Cold War tensions and the eventual reunification of Germany.