a) Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments, an American technology company, introduced the first handheld calculator in 1967, changing the landscape of mathematical computation. The “Cal-Tech,” as it was known, was a portable, battery-powered calculator that represented a significant advancement over previous computing devices. Its introduction made complex calculations more accessible and convenient, greatly impacting the fields of science, engineering, education, and finance. Texas Instruments’ innovation in calculator technology was a key development in the miniaturization and democratization of computing tools, paving the way for the portable electronic devices we use today.