b) Gail Borden, Jr.

Condensed milk, a significant innovation in food preservation, was the brainchild of Gail Borden, Jr. In 1856, Borden patented a process for condensing milk by heating it in a vacuum to remove water. This process extended the milk’s shelf life without the need for refrigeration, making it a practical and reliable food source. Condensed milk gained popularity, especially among soldiers, during the Civil War due to its convenience and durability. Borden’s invention not only transformed the dairy industry but also had a lasting impact on food consumption patterns. His innovative approach to food preservation represents a key development in the history of food processing and storage.