b) Southdale Center

Opened in 1956 in Edina, Minnesota, Southdale Center is considered the first fully enclosed, climate-controlled shopping mall in the United States. Designed by architect Victor Gruen, Southdale Center was a revolutionary concept that transformed the American retail landscape. The mall provided a new shopping experience, combining retail, dining, and entertainment under one roof, and set the model for future malls across the country. Its development reflected the post-World War II suburbanization trend and the growing consumer culture in America.