b) Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, a titan of the Gilded Age, was a famous steel magnate who significantly shaped America’s industrial landscape. Born in Scotland, Carnegie emigrated to the U.S. and worked his way up from a factory worker to one of the wealthiest individuals in the country. His steel company, Carnegie Steel, was at the forefront of the steel industry’s expansion in the late 19th century. Carnegie’s business practices, including vertical integration and cost-cutting innovations, made steel production more efficient and affordable, fueling the growth of infrastructure and skyscrapers. His later philanthropic efforts, donating a significant portion of his wealth to libraries, education, and peace initiatives, left a lasting impact on society.