d) Jimmy Carter

President Jimmy Carter was involved in the Iran hostage crisis negotiations, a defining challenge of his presidency. In 1979, after the Iranian Revolution, 52 American diplomats and citizens were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Tehran. Carter’s administration engaged in prolonged and complex negotiations for their release, which significantly impacted his presidency and the broader U.S.-Iran relations. The crisis lasted 444 days, with the hostages released on the day of Ronald Reagan’s inauguration in 1981. The Iran hostage crisis highlighted the complexities of diplomatic negotiations in volatile geopolitical situations and had lasting implications for U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East.