a) Dwight D. Eisenhower

President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed the “Atoms for Peace” program in 1953, aimed at promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy internationally. This initiative sought to redirect the global nuclear arms race towards cooperative efforts in nuclear science and technology for peaceful purposes. Eisenhower’s proposal led to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the sharing of nuclear technology for electricity generation, medical applications, and scientific research. The Atoms for Peace program represented a significant step in redefining nuclear technology’s role, from military applications to a tool for international collaboration and development.